Monday, August 31, 2009
Friday, June 19, 2009
Mountains Beyond Mountains
Mountains Beyond Mountains
Be sure to read the following on Summer Reading BEFORE you work on this summer reading assignment.
1. READ
Read the excerpt from the book, Mountains Beyond Mountains.
2. THINK
Now, this is most definitely a true story. This excerpt is the first three chapters (~40 pages) of a 300-page book written about Harvard physician, Dr. Paul Farmer. Think about the life this man is choosing to live as compared to the reasons you hear that most people become doctors. Also think about how this story shows how, in the real world, science and medicine can be strongly influenced by politics.
If you want to meet Paul Farmer, you can watch a talk he gave recently (May 8, 2007) at NYU by clicking on this link. You can also visit the Partners for Health Web site www.pih.org
3. RESPOND
Be sure to read the following on Summer Reading BEFORE you work on this summer reading assignment.
1. READ
Read the excerpt from the book, Mountains Beyond Mountains.
2. THINK
Now, this is most definitely a true story. This excerpt is the first three chapters (~40 pages) of a 300-page book written about Harvard physician, Dr. Paul Farmer. Think about the life this man is choosing to live as compared to the reasons you hear that most people become doctors. Also think about how this story shows how, in the real world, science and medicine can be strongly influenced by politics.
If you want to meet Paul Farmer, you can watch a talk he gave recently (May 8, 2007) at NYU by clicking on this link. You can also visit the Partners for Health Web site www.pih.org
3. RESPOND
WATCH THIS VIDEO: HERE
Interview with Dr. Paul Farmer: HERE
Pictures of Dr. Farmer: HERE
Interview with Tracy Kidder: HERE
60 minutes interview with Dr. Paul Farmer: HERE
Cambridge Reads, an interview with Dr. Paul Farmer: HERE
This I believe with Dr. Farmer: HERE
Respond to the following on my biology blog:
http://www.marysbiologypage.blogspot.com/
a. Tell me what you thought about the excerpt from this book. Tell me what you think of Dr. Paul Farmer.
b. Margaret Mead (a very famous anthropologist) once said:
"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."
Explain how Paul Farmer embodies this idea by responding in the comment section.
Interview with Dr. Paul Farmer: HERE
Pictures of Dr. Farmer: HERE
Interview with Tracy Kidder: HERE
60 minutes interview with Dr. Paul Farmer: HERE
Cambridge Reads, an interview with Dr. Paul Farmer: HERE
This I believe with Dr. Farmer: HERE
Respond to the following on my biology blog:
http://www.marysbiologypage.blogspot.com/
a. Tell me what you thought about the excerpt from this book. Tell me what you think of Dr. Paul Farmer.
b. Margaret Mead (a very famous anthropologist) once said:
"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."
Explain how Paul Farmer embodies this idea by responding in the comment section.
Monday, June 1, 2009
AP Biology Summer Homework 2009
Welcome to Ms. Churchill’s “Summer of Biology 2009
An evolving creation!
Dun….dun…dun…dun…dun…
Is it safe to go back in the water? NO! Like a shark, there lurks the AP Biology Summer Assignment!
This summer you will delve into the world of biology like you never thought you would in those hot months! We will explore many topics to whet your appetite for the coming year of hard work. This summer assignment has been designed for five purposes:
• to get you to think during those summer months to keep your mind sharp, because I will expect a lot out of it come September!
• to expand your vocabulary by familiarizing you with terms that we will be using in class.
• to begin to introduce you to major concepts from AP Biology
• to have you earn three strong grades to help you begin the first quarter with confidence.
• to decrease the amount of new material that you will have to learn during the school year.
# Due Date Assigned Task
1 June 20th
a. Email me and answer six questions about yourself at marymfagan@hotmail.com
2 July 1st
b. Purchase Mountains Beyond Mountains by Tracy Kidder, start reading first few chapters
c. Purchase Biology: The Unity & Diversity of Life 11th edition by Starr and Taggart & begin chapter questions
3 July 31st 1. After reading the first three chapters (40 pages) respond to the text on our class biology page.
http://www.marysbiologypage.blogspot.com/
d. What do you think of Dr. Paul Farmer
e. How does Dr. Farmer embody Margaret Mead’s quote, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed it is the only thing that ever has.”
4 August 24th 1. Chapter 45 – 49 Questions due first day of class. Bring shoe box with index cards and written responses.
AP Biology
Please email me at marymfagan@hotmail.com before the beginning of July and tell me the following:
1. Why you are taking AP Biology?
2. What other AP classes you are taking?
3. What activities and sports you are involved in.
4. What are your strengths as a student?
5. What do you need to work on as a student?
6. One fun fact about you.
Mountains Beyond Mountains
Be sure to read the following on Summer Reading BEFORE you work on this summer reading assignment.
1. READ
Read the excerpt from the book, Mountains Beyond Mountains.
2. THINK
Now, this is most definitely a true story. This excerpt is the first three chapters (~40 pages) of a 300-page book written about Harvard physician, Dr. Paul Farmer. Think about the life this man is choosing to live as compared to the reasons you hear that most people become doctors. Also think about how this story shows how, in the real world, science and medicine can be strongly influenced by politics.
If you want to meet Paul Farmer, you can watch a talk he gave recently (May 8, 2007) at NYU by clicking on this link. You can also visit the Partners for Health Web site www.pih.org
3. RESPOND
Respond to the following on my biology blog:
http://www.marysbiologypage.blogspot.com/
a. Tell me what you thought about the excerpt from this book. Tell me what you think of Dr. Paul Farmer.
b. Margaret Mead (a very famous anthropologist) once said:
"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."
Explain how Paul Farmer embodies this idea.
Read Chapters 45-49 and answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper or index card if the question calls for it. These are due the first day of class. You will be assessed on this material the second week of class.
Some of the answers are to be done on paper and some on index cards. Organize your index cards by chapter and put an elastic band around each chapters questions. Use a shoe box to hold your index cards. We will be making index cards all year and adding them to your collection as we will be using these to study for the AP exam.
Chapter 45 Questions – pages 800-817
1. What happened to the reindeer population on St. Matthew’s island between 1957 and 1980?
2. What is ecology? – index card
3. Define the following on index cards:
a. Population size
b. Age structure
c. Population density
d. Population distribution – draw pictures of the three distribution patterns: clumped, nearly uniform, and random
4. Describe the two methods of quantifying the number of species in an area: quadrats and capture recapture methods.
5. Name two ways a population can increase and two ways a population can decrease in size.
6. Define on an index card:
a. Zero population growth
b. G=rN (what does this mean)
c. Exponential growth – include a diagram and explanation
d. Biotic potential
7. What is a limiting factor and give an example of a limiting factor on a population.
8. Define on an index card:
a. carrying capacity
b. Draw an explain a graph showing the S shaped curve (Figure 45.8)
9. Give an example of a density dependent control on a population.
10. Give an example of a density independent control on a population.
11. Define on an index card:
a. Survivorship curve
b. Show the three types of curves on an index card and give an example of each curve. Type I, Type II, and Type III
12. Explain the experimental work and significance of Reznick and Endler’s study on
guppies in Trinidad.
13.What was the average rate of increase for the global human population in 2004?
14. On an index card answer the following:
a. Give four explanations to explain the extraordinary rate of human population.
15. What is TFR? What is that number currently per female?
16. Which country has the most far reaching family planning program? What is it?
17. On an index card describe each of the following stages of economic development:
a. Preindustrial stage
b. Transitional stage
c. Industrial stage
d. Postindustrial stage
18. How much of the world’s goods and services does the US use? What % of the world’s population does the US represent?
Chapter 46 Questions
1. Define the following ecological terms on an index card: habitat, niche, community, symbiotic, competition, predation, parasitism, and mutualism.
2. What five factors shape a community on an index card?
3. Compare and contrast facultative and obligatory mutualism on an index card.
4. Compare and contrast interspecific and intraspecific competition on an index card.
5. Explain the theory of competitive exclusion on an index card.
6. Explain the Type I, Type II, and Type III models of Predator/Prey interactions on an index card.
7. Explain the relationship between the Canadian lynx and snowshoe hare.
8. Discuss four types of prey defenses on an index card.
9. What are parasites and parasitoids on an index card?
10. Discuss five attributes that make parasites and parasitoids good controls.
11. Explain the relationship between the cowbirds and the buffalo.
12. Explain the following terms: ecological succession, pioneer species, primary and secondary succession on an index card.
13. What are key stone species on an index card?
14. Name three ways geographic dispersal of species can occur on an index card.
15. What has been the result of the following exotic species?
a. alga Caulerpa
b. Kudzu
c. Rabbits in Autralia
16. What happens to the number of species as you move from the Arctic to temperate to tropical zones?
17. Name three reasons biodiversity is favored in the tropics on an index card.
18. Compare and contrast distance and area affect of islands on an index card.
Chapter 47 Notebook Questions
1. As Louisiana loses its wetlands what type of effect will this have on local wildlife?
2. Name three effects warmer temperatures will have on Louisiana.
3. Define the following on index cards:
a. Primary producers
b. Consumers: (herbivores, carnivores, parasites, omnivores)
c. Detritrivores
d. Decomposers
e. Ecosystem
4. Describe the three levels of a trophic level.
5. Describe and give an example of a food chain.
6. How many energy transfers can energy that producers initially capture pass through?
7. Is all energy conserved as it is passed from one transfer to the next?
8. Where are food webs short and where are food webs long?
9. Compare a complex food web to a simple food web.
10. Compare a grazing food web and a detrital food web.
11. How does energy leave an ecosystem?
12. What was DDT used for?
13. Where does DDT accumulate in organisms and what is the result?
14. What is primary productivity? Index card
15. What is gross primary productivity? Index card
16. What is net ecosystem production? Index card
17. Name four factors that impact net production.
18. Compare a biomass pyramid and an energy pyramid.
19. What percent of energy entering one level of an energy pyramid is available to the next level?
20. What are the three categories of bigeochemical cyles?
21. Index card: Draw a picture of a hydrologic cycle.
22. Index card: Draw a picture of the carbon cycle.
23. Index card: Describe the Greenhouse effect.
24. Index card: Draw a picture of the nitrogen cycle.
25. Describe nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
26. Name three ways human activities disrupt the nitrogen cycle.
27. What is the most limiting factor in all natural ecosystems?
28. Where is most phosphorous locked up?
Chapter 48 Notebook Questions
1. What happened to the sea lion population in the Galapagos Islands in 1997-1998? Why did this happen?
2. What happened that winter in the Southwestern Pacific waters?
3. What is climate?
4. How does the movement of air result in deserts?
5. What is seasonal variation a result of?
6. Explain the following types of renewable energy:
a. solar hydrogen energy b. Wind energy
7. Where is ozone located and what does it do?
8. What is the major cause of loss of ozone layer?
9. What can thermal inversion do?
10. What is the difference between industrial smog and photochemical smog?
11. How much of the earth’s surface do ocean waters cover?
12. Why do currents form?
13. What is the rain shadow effect?
14. Where do monsoon rains occur?
15. What is biogeography?
16. What are biomes?
17. What are hot spots and ecoregions?
18. What is soil?
19. Index card: describe the weather process of rocks – rock to clay.
Chapter 49
1. Which bees respond faster – Afrianized bees or European bees?
2. What is the function of isopentyl acetate in bees?
3. Read the example of feeding preferences of garter snakes in CA: compare newborn offspring of coastal parents and offspring of inland parents. How did the offspring “hybrid” snakes respond?
4. What are hormones?
5. What happens if oxytocin is injected into a female?
6. What happens if a female is given an oxytocin blocking drug?
7. What is instinctive behavior?
8. How do newly hatched cuckoos respond to eggs in the nest?
9. Name three traits that are instinctive in garter snakes.
10. What do human infants mimic?
11. What is a learned behavior?
12. What is imprinting?
13. How do white crowned sparrows learn the specific dialect of their songs? What is the period for this learning? Can they learn this from a recording?
14. What is natural selection?
15. Index cards for the following definitions:
a. Reproductive success
b. Adaptive behavior
c. Social behavior
d. Selfless behavior
e. Altruistic behavior
16. What is social behavior?
17. What is the difference between signaling pheromones and priming pheromones?
18. What is a visual signal?
19. How do male baboons show a threat display to a rival?
20. What do fireflies use for signaling?
21. What are tactile signs?
22. Why do bees perform the waggle dance?
23. How do assassin bugs use illegitimate signals to fool termites?
24. Index card: sexual selection definition and an example
25. How is reproductive success measured in males?
26. How is reproductive success measured in females?
27. Explain the following on an index card:
a. Cooperative Predator Avoidance: what is it and an example
b. The Selfish Herd: what is it and an example
c. Cooperative Hunting: What is it and an example
28. What is a cost of animals living in close association with each other?
29. Give an example of an altruistic behavior in insects.
30. What are the only eusocial mammals? What does that mean?
31. Explain the theory of inclusive fitness.
32. Compare and contrast the social organization of chimpanzees and bonobos.
33. What explanation for the differences observed in chimps and bonobos do scientists give?
34. What is a VNO? What would be the purpose of this?
Wednesday, May 27, 2009
Tuesday, May 19, 2009
Some Inspiration
"Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by things you didn't do than by the things you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover."
~Mark Twain
~Mark Twain
Monday, May 18, 2009
Thesis Topic for Project
Avi: It is a social injustice that basic curable diseases such as tuberculosis runs rampant through third world countries and causes thousands of deaths when the cure is easily accessible to the rest of the world.
Ellen: The use of technology to more more accurately copy previous performances of piano composers and performers is a benefit to the rest of musicians and those who enjoy music.
Jamie & Dominic:
"Universe" enables the world to immerse themselves in contemporary mythology of the stars in the night sky.
Mark & Jennifer: By creating more opportunities for young, interested students to participate in scientific studies, we can not only prepare them with the facilities they need for productive careers in medicine, but we can also introduce different yet valuable perspectives into the medical world.
Katherine&McKenzi: Through the study of California Coast Redwood trees, the tallest trees in the world, a whole new world of unique organism have been discovered adding to the biodiversity of this BEAUTIFUL world!
Regi and Julianna: Because we do not know where meat comes from, we should eat real/natural food such as plants (vegetables that are not artificially grown).
Tim: Reducing emissions alone won't be enough to solve the climate problem; we must look at alternate solutions such as injecting a layer of ash or sulfur that will block sunlight and lower the planet's temperature.
Soledad: Are you tired of having to pay hundreds of dollars for gas just for your car? If you are why not try the hydrogen car? Larry Burns shares the future design by GM, a vehicle that runs on hydrogen and pumps energy back into the electrical grid when they’re idle. This brilliant idea is everything that people have been asking for in a car. The hydrogen car will eliminate stress over high gas prices, improve the environment, and will provide convenience.
Kate & Alex: Most people do cheat but only cheat a little bit and are more likely to cheat when they are seperated froms the reward or when people see there peers cheating and are less likely to do so when reminded of their morality.
Jordan Kmetz: Because our brain has a way of being happy with what it gets, we should have preferences that drive us towards one choice, but should not drive ourselves mad with what the other choice might have been.
Joe: http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/david_deutsch_on_our_place_in_the_cosmos.html
David Deutsch on our place in the Cosmos
Ellen: The use of technology to more more accurately copy previous performances of piano composers and performers is a benefit to the rest of musicians and those who enjoy music.
Jamie & Dominic:
"Universe" enables the world to immerse themselves in contemporary mythology of the stars in the night sky.
Mark & Jennifer: By creating more opportunities for young, interested students to participate in scientific studies, we can not only prepare them with the facilities they need for productive careers in medicine, but we can also introduce different yet valuable perspectives into the medical world.
Katherine&McKenzi: Through the study of California Coast Redwood trees, the tallest trees in the world, a whole new world of unique organism have been discovered adding to the biodiversity of this BEAUTIFUL world!
Regi and Julianna: Because we do not know where meat comes from, we should eat real/natural food such as plants (vegetables that are not artificially grown).
Tim: Reducing emissions alone won't be enough to solve the climate problem; we must look at alternate solutions such as injecting a layer of ash or sulfur that will block sunlight and lower the planet's temperature.
Soledad: Are you tired of having to pay hundreds of dollars for gas just for your car? If you are why not try the hydrogen car? Larry Burns shares the future design by GM, a vehicle that runs on hydrogen and pumps energy back into the electrical grid when they’re idle. This brilliant idea is everything that people have been asking for in a car. The hydrogen car will eliminate stress over high gas prices, improve the environment, and will provide convenience.
Kate & Alex: Most people do cheat but only cheat a little bit and are more likely to cheat when they are seperated froms the reward or when people see there peers cheating and are less likely to do so when reminded of their morality.
Jordan Kmetz: Because our brain has a way of being happy with what it gets, we should have preferences that drive us towards one choice, but should not drive ourselves mad with what the other choice might have been.
Joe: http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/david_deutsch_on_our_place_in_the_cosmos.html
David Deutsch on our place in the Cosmos
Friday, May 15, 2009
New Date for Picnic
AP STUDENTS
We have to change the date of our picnic.
We need permission slips.
We can do the picnic either next Tuesday the 19th or Wednesday the 27th once we have all permission slips in!
We have to change the date of our picnic.
We need permission slips.
We can do the picnic either next Tuesday the 19th or Wednesday the 27th once we have all permission slips in!
Presentation Dates
Thursday May 21st
1. Ellen
Friday May 22nd (5-8 minutes per presentation)
1. Tim
2. Avi
3. Mark and Jennifer
4. Soledad & Brianna
5. Kristin & Sobedya
6. Caitlin
Tuesday May 26th
1. Julie & Regi
2. Kristin & Sobeyda
3. Hannah
4. Richard
5. Paige
6. Jordan
Wednesday May 27th
PICNIC
Thursday May 28th
1. Codale, Ryan, Jack
2. Hannah
3. Natasha
4. Katherine & McKenzi
5. Alex & Kate
6. Dominic & Jaimie
7. Gary
1. Ellen
Friday May 22nd (5-8 minutes per presentation)
1. Tim
2. Avi
3. Mark and Jennifer
4. Soledad & Brianna
5. Kristin & Sobedya
6. Caitlin
Tuesday May 26th
1. Julie & Regi
2. Kristin & Sobeyda
3. Hannah
4. Richard
5. Paige
6. Jordan
Wednesday May 27th
PICNIC
Thursday May 28th
1. Codale, Ryan, Jack
2. Hannah
3. Natasha
4. Katherine & McKenzi
5. Alex & Kate
6. Dominic & Jaimie
7. Gary
Monday, May 11, 2009
TED IDEAS
TED: Technology, Entertainment, and Design
Some videos to consider:
Sean Gourley: Mathematics of War HERE
Al Gore: Climate Crisis HERE
Niels Diffrient: rethinks the way we sit down HERE
Adam Grosser and his sustainable refrigerator HERE
Louise Fresco on feeding the world HERE
Saul Griffith on everyday inventions HERE
Bill Gross ideas for finding new energy HEREBonnie Bassler: How do bacteria talk? HEREDennis vanEngelsdorp: Where have the bees gone? HERE
Jane Goodall helps humans and animals live HERERobert Full, how engineers learn from evolution HERE
E.O.Wilson: help build the Encyclopedia of Life HERE
Janine Benyus: 12 sustainable ideas from nature HERE
Philippe Starck: why design? HERE
Don Norman: 3 ways good design makes you feel good HERE
Ben Saunders: 3 things to know before you ski to the North Pole HERE
Ueli Gegenschatz soars in a wind suit HERE
John Wooden: Coaching for people not points HERE
Bill Gates: How I am trying to change the world NOW HERE
Ernest Madu on world class health care HERE
Kamal Meattle on how to grow your own fresh air HERE
Mark Brittman on what's wrong with what we eat HERE
Larry Burns on reinventing the car HERE
James Watson on how DNA was discovered HERE
Richard Preston: climbing the world's tallest trees HERE
Some videos to consider:
Sean Gourley: Mathematics of War HERE
Al Gore: Climate Crisis HERE
Niels Diffrient: rethinks the way we sit down HERE
Adam Grosser and his sustainable refrigerator HERE
Louise Fresco on feeding the world HERE
Saul Griffith on everyday inventions HERE
Bill Gross ideas for finding new energy HERE
Bonnie Bassler: How do bacteria talk? HEREDennis vanEngelsdorp: Where have the bees gone? HEREJane Goodall helps humans and animals live HERE
Robert Full, how engineers learn from evolution HEREE.O.Wilson: help build the Encyclopedia of Life HERE
Janine Benyus: 12 sustainable ideas from nature HERE
Philippe Starck: why design? HERE
Don Norman: 3 ways good design makes you feel good HERE
Ben Saunders: 3 things to know before you ski to the North Pole HERE
Ueli Gegenschatz soars in a wind suit HERE
John Wooden: Coaching for people not points HERE
Bill Gates: How I am trying to change the world NOW HERE
Ernest Madu on world class health care HERE
Kamal Meattle on how to grow your own fresh air HERE
Mark Brittman on what's wrong with what we eat HERE
Larry Burns on reinventing the car HERE
James Watson on how DNA was discovered HERE
Richard Preston: climbing the world's tallest trees HERE
Ted Videos
Saul Griffith - using kites to tap wind energy HERE
Dave Eggers - Once upon a school HERE
Aimee Mullins on running HERE
Elizabeth Gilbert HERE
Michael Pollan - the omnivores next dilemma HERE
Sign up for your TED video by THURSDAY - first come first serve. Let me know who you are working with and which TED video you are using - it must involve SCIENCE or TECHNOLOGY.
Good Luck and have fun researching. We can't have duplicate videos - so pick carefully and sort of quickly. Pick one that inspires YOU!
Dave Eggers - Once upon a school HERE
Aimee Mullins on running HERE
Elizabeth Gilbert HERE
Michael Pollan - the omnivores next dilemma HERE
Sign up for your TED video by THURSDAY - first come first serve. Let me know who you are working with and which TED video you are using - it must involve SCIENCE or TECHNOLOGY.
Good Luck and have fun researching. We can't have duplicate videos - so pick carefully and sort of quickly. Pick one that inspires YOU!
Friday, May 1, 2009
Thursday, April 30, 2009
Chapter 44 Animations
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
Tuesday, April 28, 2009
Sunday, April 26, 2009
Last 4 Chapters and Homework Assignments
Chapter 41 - Digestion & Human Nutrition Powerpoint HERE
Chapter 41 Study Questions HERE
Chapter 41 Take Home Quiz HERE
Chapter 42 - The Internal Environment - Powerpoint HERE
Chapter 42 Take home Quiz HERE
Chapter 43 - Principles of Animal Reproduction & Development - Powerpoint HERE
Chapter 43 Take Home Quiz HERE
Chapter 44 - Human Reproduction & Development - Powerpoint HERE
Chapter 44 Take Home Quiz HERE
Chapter 41 Study Questions HERE
Chapter 41 Take Home Quiz HERE
Chapter 42 - The Internal Environment - Powerpoint HERE
Chapter 42 Take home Quiz HEREChapter 43 - Principles of Animal Reproduction & Development - Powerpoint HERE
Chapter 43 Take Home Quiz HERE
Chapter 44 - Human Reproduction & Development - Powerpoint HERE
Chapter 44 Take Home Quiz HERE
Saturday, April 25, 2009
AP Lab 1-6 Review
Lab 1: Diffusion & Osmosis
Part 1: Diffusion - Will starch or iodine move through the semi permeable membrane?
Procedure: In a beaker place a dialysis bag filled with starch. Then add iodine to the beaker. Wait for 20 minutes and observe a color change at the end.
Results: Water in dialysis bag turns black
Conclusion: The iodine is small enough to move through the permeable membrane but the starch is unable to move through the membrane
Part 2: Osmosis - Which bag will show the greatest change in mass?
Procedure: Set up six beakers with dialysis bags that contain different concentrations of sucrose - place the bags in water. Mass the bags day 1 and 24 hours later. Record and find % change in mass.
Results: The bag with the most sugar will show the greatest change in mass
Part 3: Osmosis: Which concentration of sugar most resembles the potato?
Procedure: Set up six beakers with six different concentrations of sucrose. Place a potato in each beaker. Record mass of potato on day 1 and day 2. Find % change in mass.
Results: Make a graph of % change of mass on the Y axis and Concentration of sucrose on the X axis. Make a best fit line and the place where the line crosses the X axis at zero is equal to the concentration of the potato.
Lab 2: Enzymes
Part 1: Does heat affect enzymes?
Procedure: Hydrogen peroxide -> gets broken down in the liver to water and oxygen
This is done very quickly with an enzyme. Hydrogen peroxide is a poison and must be disposed of. In this part of the lab we took a piece of liver which contains enzymes and placed it in hydrogen peroxide. We also put a piece of liver that had been boiled into hydrogen peroxide.
Results: The beaker with liver and hydrogen peroxide boiled showing water and oxygen was being made. The beaker with cooked liver did not boil showing enzyme had been boiled.
Part 2: Will the reaction above occur without an enzyme?
Procedure: leave a beaker with just hydrogen peroxide out over night containing 10 ml. The next day measure the amount of hydrogen peroxide using a titration of potassium permagnate. The amount of potassium permagnate used is equal to hydrogen peroxide left. The solution turns pink when it is equal.
Part 3: Does the concentration of enzyme affect the rate of the reaction?
Set up six beakers and add hydrogen peroxide to each beaker. Add your catalysis and then add sulfuric acid at different intervals for each beaker. The sulfuric acid stops the reaction. After stopping the reaction titrate the samples to find out how much hydrogen peroxide was left.
Results: The initial rate is high and then levels off at a certain point. The higher the concentration of enzyme in general the faster the rate up until a point. jamie is really awesome
Lab 3: Mitosis & Meiosis
Part 1: Observe the phases of mitosis
(Interphase - before Mitosis) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, (Cytokinesis - after)
Part 2: Compare Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis - produces identical cells (diploid), occurs only in somatic cells, 1 phase of mitosis
Meiosis - produces different cells (haploid), occurs only in sex cells, crossing over occurs, 2 phases
Part 3: Calculate Map Units
# of cross overs/total # of chromosomes = x 100/2
Lab 4: Plant Pigments & Photosynthesis
Part 1: Chromotography - separates pigments
Rf = distance pigments moved/distance solvent moved
Pigment that travels the least - chlorophyll a and b
Pigment that is in the middle - orange - xanthophyll
Pigment that travels the farthest - yellow - beta carotene
Part 2: Does light influence rate of photosynthesis?
Procedure: Take a vial with chlorophyll and place it in the light and another one in the dark
Take a vial with boiled chlorophyll and place one in the light and one in the dark.
Add DPIP to each vial - DPIP is blue and turns clear when it is oxidized in the process of photosynthesis.
Use a spectrophotometer to measure the amount of light each emits. The more photosynthesis that the chlorophyll participates in the more clear the vial or the higher the rate of transmittance.
Results: The boiled chlorophlyll did not have results. The chlorophyll in the light showed an increase in light transmittance.
Lab 5 Cellular Respiration
Objective: Measure the rate of cellular respiration in germinating and nongerminating peas.
Procedure: Take a vial and place cotton balls at the bottom and KOH. The KOH will absorb any CO2 produced during cellular respiration. Above the cotton balls place your seeds (you need six vials - one for germinating seeds at room temperature, one for germinating at warm temperature, one for nongerminating at room temperature, one for nongerminating at warm termperature, and two with beads at each temperature. The beads are the control. Place a pipette through a stopper and put the pipette at the end of the vial. Place the vial under water and add some food coloring. Over time record the amount of water that enters the pipette. The more water that enters the pipette the more oxygen has been used in respiration.
Results: The peas at warm temperature and germinating used the most oxygen, followed by germinating at room temperature
Lab 6: Molecular Genetics
Part 1: Transformation: We will insert a gene using a plasmid to make bacteria resistant to antibiotics
Procedure: Get four petri dishes - 2 with agar, 2 with agar and antibiotics - obtain a bacteria and mix the plasmid in a solution with bacteria. Place bacteria with no plasmid on each type of plate, place bacteria with plasmid on each type of plate. Count the number of bacteria that grow on day 2
Results: Plates with agar and bacteria with and without bacteria show lawns - bacteria grow everywhere. Plates with antibiotics and bacteria with no plasmid show no growth - plates with antibiotics and bacteria with plasmid show a little bit of growth - few colonies
Part 2: Gel Electrophoresis - use restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments.
Procedure: Obtain DNA and cut with two restriction enzymes, HIND III and ECORI. Load DNA into a gel and observe the number of bands that are formed.
Factors the affect the rate of movement:
1. Size of the Fragment
2. Current - amount of electricity
3. Concentration of Agar
This technique is used for:
1. Forensics
2. Paternity
3. Comparative DNA - evolution
Part 1: Diffusion - Will starch or iodine move through the semi permeable membrane?
Procedure: In a beaker place a dialysis bag filled with starch. Then add iodine to the beaker. Wait for 20 minutes and observe a color change at the end.
Results: Water in dialysis bag turns black
Conclusion: The iodine is small enough to move through the permeable membrane but the starch is unable to move through the membrane
Part 2: Osmosis - Which bag will show the greatest change in mass?
Procedure: Set up six beakers with dialysis bags that contain different concentrations of sucrose - place the bags in water. Mass the bags day 1 and 24 hours later. Record and find % change in mass.
Results: The bag with the most sugar will show the greatest change in mass
Part 3: Osmosis: Which concentration of sugar most resembles the potato?
Procedure: Set up six beakers with six different concentrations of sucrose. Place a potato in each beaker. Record mass of potato on day 1 and day 2. Find % change in mass.
Results: Make a graph of % change of mass on the Y axis and Concentration of sucrose on the X axis. Make a best fit line and the place where the line crosses the X axis at zero is equal to the concentration of the potato.
Lab 2: Enzymes
Part 1: Does heat affect enzymes?
Procedure: Hydrogen peroxide -> gets broken down in the liver to water and oxygen
This is done very quickly with an enzyme. Hydrogen peroxide is a poison and must be disposed of. In this part of the lab we took a piece of liver which contains enzymes and placed it in hydrogen peroxide. We also put a piece of liver that had been boiled into hydrogen peroxide.
Results: The beaker with liver and hydrogen peroxide boiled showing water and oxygen was being made. The beaker with cooked liver did not boil showing enzyme had been boiled.
Part 2: Will the reaction above occur without an enzyme?
Procedure: leave a beaker with just hydrogen peroxide out over night containing 10 ml. The next day measure the amount of hydrogen peroxide using a titration of potassium permagnate. The amount of potassium permagnate used is equal to hydrogen peroxide left. The solution turns pink when it is equal.
Part 3: Does the concentration of enzyme affect the rate of the reaction?
Set up six beakers and add hydrogen peroxide to each beaker. Add your catalysis and then add sulfuric acid at different intervals for each beaker. The sulfuric acid stops the reaction. After stopping the reaction titrate the samples to find out how much hydrogen peroxide was left.
Results: The initial rate is high and then levels off at a certain point. The higher the concentration of enzyme in general the faster the rate up until a point. jamie is really awesome
Lab 3: Mitosis & Meiosis
Part 1: Observe the phases of mitosis
(Interphase - before Mitosis) Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, (Cytokinesis - after)
Part 2: Compare Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis - produces identical cells (diploid), occurs only in somatic cells, 1 phase of mitosis
Meiosis - produces different cells (haploid), occurs only in sex cells, crossing over occurs, 2 phases
Part 3: Calculate Map Units
# of cross overs/total # of chromosomes = x 100/2
Lab 4: Plant Pigments & Photosynthesis
Part 1: Chromotography - separates pigments
Rf = distance pigments moved/distance solvent moved
Pigment that travels the least - chlorophyll a and b
Pigment that is in the middle - orange - xanthophyll
Pigment that travels the farthest - yellow - beta carotene
Part 2: Does light influence rate of photosynthesis?
Procedure: Take a vial with chlorophyll and place it in the light and another one in the dark
Take a vial with boiled chlorophyll and place one in the light and one in the dark.
Add DPIP to each vial - DPIP is blue and turns clear when it is oxidized in the process of photosynthesis.
Use a spectrophotometer to measure the amount of light each emits. The more photosynthesis that the chlorophyll participates in the more clear the vial or the higher the rate of transmittance.
Results: The boiled chlorophlyll did not have results. The chlorophyll in the light showed an increase in light transmittance.
Lab 5 Cellular Respiration
Objective: Measure the rate of cellular respiration in germinating and nongerminating peas.
Procedure: Take a vial and place cotton balls at the bottom and KOH. The KOH will absorb any CO2 produced during cellular respiration. Above the cotton balls place your seeds (you need six vials - one for germinating seeds at room temperature, one for germinating at warm temperature, one for nongerminating at room temperature, one for nongerminating at warm termperature, and two with beads at each temperature. The beads are the control. Place a pipette through a stopper and put the pipette at the end of the vial. Place the vial under water and add some food coloring. Over time record the amount of water that enters the pipette. The more water that enters the pipette the more oxygen has been used in respiration.
Results: The peas at warm temperature and germinating used the most oxygen, followed by germinating at room temperature
Lab 6: Molecular Genetics
Part 1: Transformation: We will insert a gene using a plasmid to make bacteria resistant to antibiotics
Procedure: Get four petri dishes - 2 with agar, 2 with agar and antibiotics - obtain a bacteria and mix the plasmid in a solution with bacteria. Place bacteria with no plasmid on each type of plate, place bacteria with plasmid on each type of plate. Count the number of bacteria that grow on day 2
Results: Plates with agar and bacteria with and without bacteria show lawns - bacteria grow everywhere. Plates with antibiotics and bacteria with no plasmid show no growth - plates with antibiotics and bacteria with plasmid show a little bit of growth - few colonies
Part 2: Gel Electrophoresis - use restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments.
Procedure: Obtain DNA and cut with two restriction enzymes, HIND III and ECORI. Load DNA into a gel and observe the number of bands that are formed.
Factors the affect the rate of movement:
1. Size of the Fragment
2. Current - amount of electricity
3. Concentration of Agar
This technique is used for:
1. Forensics
2. Paternity
3. Comparative DNA - evolution
Thursday, April 23, 2009
Extra Credit Assignments - to be used as study aids
You can do one or all three of these assignments for two good reasons.
1. To help you study for the AP exam
2. To help you improve a quiz grade or two depending on how many you do.
The first two are word pairs - tell me the relationship of the word pairs.
The third is an animation and practice about biomolecules with a quiz you take at the end and then print and show me.
Word Pair Option #1 HERE
Word Pair Option #2 HERE
Biomolecules practice & Quiz Option #3 HERE
This review sheet with questions will be due next Friday May 1st HERE
1. To help you study for the AP exam
2. To help you improve a quiz grade or two depending on how many you do.
The first two are word pairs - tell me the relationship of the word pairs.
The third is an animation and practice about biomolecules with a quiz you take at the end and then print and show me.
Word Pair Option #1 HERE
Word Pair Option #2 HERE
Biomolecules practice & Quiz Option #3 HERE
This review sheet with questions will be due next Friday May 1st HERE
Monday, April 20, 2009
AP EXAM REVIEW DAYS
Wednesday April 22nd 3:00 - 5:00
Friday April 24th 3:30 - 5:30
Saturday April 25th 3:00 - 5:00
EXAM SUNDAY APRIL 26th 9:00 - 12:00
Friday April 24th 3:30 - 5:30
Saturday April 25th 3:00 - 5:00
EXAM SUNDAY APRIL 26th 9:00 - 12:00
Lab Groups
Room Temperature and 0% light - 8 screens
1. Mark, Julianna, Jennifer
2. Avi, Richard, Tim
Warm and 10% light - 5 screens
1. Paige, Ellen, Nathasha
2. Ryan, Gary, Jack
Cold and 25% light - 3 screens
1. Regi, Soledad, Brianna
2. Hannah, Kristin, Kate
Room Temperature and 65% light - 1 screen
1. Dominic, Caitlin, Jordan
2. Jaimie, Joe, Alex
Warm and 100% light - 0 screens
1. Sobeyda, Co'Dale
2. McKenzi, Katharine
1. Mark, Julianna, Jennifer
2. Avi, Richard, Tim
Warm and 10% light - 5 screens
1. Paige, Ellen, Nathasha
2. Ryan, Gary, Jack
Cold and 25% light - 3 screens
1. Regi, Soledad, Brianna
2. Hannah, Kristin, Kate
Room Temperature and 65% light - 1 screen
1. Dominic, Caitlin, Jordan
2. Jaimie, Joe, Alex
Warm and 100% light - 0 screens
1. Sobeyda, Co'Dale
2. McKenzi, Katharine
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